Novel waves structures for the nonclassical Sobolev-type equation in unipolar semiconductor with its stability analysis.

In this study, the Sobolev-type equation is considered analytically to investigate the solitary wave solutions. The Sobolev-type equations are found in a broad range of fields, such as ecology, fluid dynamics, soil mechanics, and thermodynamics. There are two novel techniques used to explore the solitary wave structures namely as; generalized Riccati equation mapping and modified auxiliary equation (MAE) methods. The different types of abundant families of solutions in the form of dark soliton, bright soliton, solitary wave solutions, mixed singular soliton, mixed dark-bright soliton, periodic wave, and mixed periodic solutions. The linearized stability of the model has been investigated. Solitons behave differently in different circumstances, and their behaviour can be better understood by building unique physical problems with particular boundary conditions (BCs) and starting conditions (ICs) based on accurate soliton solutions. So, the choice of unique physical problems from various solutions is also carried out. The 3D, line graphs and corresponding contours are drawn with the help of the Mathematica software that explains the physical behavior of the state variable. This information can help the researchers in their understanding of the physical conditions.

Study protocol of DIVERGE, the first genetic epidemiological study of major depressive disorder in Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION: Globally, 80% of the burdenof major depressive disorder (MDD) pertains to low- and middle-income countries. Research into genetic and environmental risk factors has the potential to uncover disease mechanisms that may contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, yet has so far been largely limited to participants with European ancestry from high-income countries. The DIVERGE study was established to help overcome this gap and investigate genetic and environmental risk factors for MDD in Pakistan. METHODS: DIVERGE aims to enrol 9000 cases and 4000 controls in hospitals across the country. Here, we provide the rationale for DIVERGE, describe the study protocol and characterise the sample using data from the first 500 cases. Exploratory data analysis is performed to describe demographics, socioeconomic status, environmental risk factors, family history of mental illness and psychopathology. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Many participants had severe depression with 74% of patients who experienced multiple depressive episodes. It was a common practice to seek help for mental health struggles from faith healers and religious leaders. Socioeconomic variables reflected the local context with a large proportion of women not having access to any education and the majority of participants reporting no savings. CONCLUSION: DIVERGE is a carefully designed case-control study of MDD in Pakistan that captures diverse risk factors. As the largest genetic study in Pakistan, DIVERGE helps address the severe underrepresentation of people from South Asian countries in genetic as well as psychiatric research.

Chest Tube Insertion in Prone Position Using Ultrasound in a COVID 19 Patient.

Chest tube insertion is one of the most common interventions performed to manage pleural effusion, pneumothorax, haemothorax, etc. The procedure is done conventionally in a supine position, and a triangle of safety is used as a landmark. COVID-19 is a multiorgan disorder, declared a pandemic by WHO, predominantly involving the respiratory system. To insert a chest tube in a prone position using the Seldinger technique is quite a unique way of doing this common procedure with unclear complications in literature. COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease that makes chest tube insertion a risky procedure for operators as well due to direct exposure to respiratory secretions. Full personal protective equipment and a negative pressure room are used during this procedure in this case. The case mentions the ultrasound-guided chest tube insertion in a COVID-19 patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and significant left-sided pleural effusion requiring prone positioning and mechanical ventilation.

People's attitude towards willingness-to-pay for environmental protection in Pakistan.

Recent environmental research has found that people with higher incomes and in more developed countries are more willing to pay (WTP) to protect their environment than people in developing countries. Based on this assumption, the study investigated Pakistani citizens' attitudes toward environmental protection, precisely their willingness to pay higher prices and taxes to preserve the natural environment. The research was carried out in three Punjab cities (Hasan Abdal, Wah, and Taxila) and four KPK cities (Abbottabad, Havelian, Mansehra, and Haripur). The selected cities are home to knowledgeable people who work in various universities, schools, hospitals, medical colleges, and nearby industrial estates and have a sense of environmental protection and can understand the healthcare issues related to environmental damages. The survey was divided into two sections: one about the participants' socio-demographic information and the other about people's willingness to pay higher prices and taxes to protect the environment. Four hundred and sixty-two people took part in the survey, and the data were analyzed using the bootstrap regression approach. The results show that gender has a detrimental impact, although population density and education positively impact a country's willingness to pay for environmental protection (WTPEP). Women are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behavior than men, resulting in disparities in their perceptions of male and female respondents in the study. People who live in crowded places tend to pay for environmental protection because of population density, healthcare difficulties, and air pollution. The respondents are well-versed in the externalities of environmental pollution; they are hopeful about paying for a better healthcare environment. Other criteria, such as the respondent's income, health status, total pollution level in the country, and per capita income, enable respondents to pay for environmental preservation to achieve long-term sustainable growth. The government must embrace air quality regulations and empower its citizens by offering better healthcare services since they are enthusiastic about paying higher taxes and fees to protect the environment.

A case of aortic dissection with highly suggestive features of COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: Aortic dissection is a cardiovascular emergency with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 27.4%, and with every hour without intervention, the mortality rate increases by 1%-2% in the first 48 hours. Thoracic aortic dissection typically presents with tearing chest, back, or abdominal pain. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2), which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and usually manifests with respiratory symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, flu-like symptoms, and fever. This case report highlights an important impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the identification and management of aortic dissection in the emergency department. CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old Bahraini male, a suspected case of Marfan syndrome, presented with complaints of shortness of breath and worsening productive cough after returning from the United States (U.S). He denied any chest, back, or abdominal pain, dizziness, weakness in any limb, gait disturbance, headache, or change in vision. He was considered high risk for COVID-19 because of the recent travel and respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed incidentally with ascending aortic dissection along with a right lung consolidation. His SARS-Cov2 PCR came negative thrice during hospital stay, and he underwent elective cardiothoracic surgery. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major stressor for the healthcare system worldwide, inflicting serious threats. Aortic dissection is one of the major life-threatening diseases that needs to be identified early on in the emergency department; however, in this case delayed diagnosis raised significant concerns due to underlying evolving triaging system for COVID-19 and atypical and overlapping clinical presentation. Further research is needed to look for COVID-19-associated factors, affecting the standard of care in the emergency department. Improving handover can directly impact patient care; therefore, it should be optimized.

Connective Tissue Disease Associated Interstitial Lung Disease - An Acute Exacerbation In Emergency Room.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a pathology involving lower respiratory tract, causing damage to the alveolar walls and vascular bed, resulting in decreasing functional alveolar units. Two third cases of ILD are idiopathic and one third cases of ILD are related to connective tissue disease (CTD). Clinical course of ILD is chronic and progressive in nature, CTD-ILD has a better prognosis compared to idiopathic ILD. Acute exacerbations are life-threatening and require close monitoring and immediate treatment, though CTD-ILD initial clinical manifestation at first clinical encounter is rarely found to be life threatening or acute exacerbation of ILD. I am reporting a case of CTD-ILD presenting to the Emergency Room of Memon Medical Institute Hospital (MMIH) manifesting as acute exacerbation of underlying ILD.

A Novel Nonsense Mutation in Leucine-Rich, Glioma-Inactivated-1 Gene as the Underlying Cause of Familial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

No abstract available.